Individual resumes and CVs vary widely. Comments here are just indications or generally observed trends that change over time.
The U.S.
The top third of the resume is the most important. If your education is your best attraction, that goes first. If your job experience will be more attractive than your education, put that first. If your research experience is going to be of most interest to the employer you are seeking- that should go first. Your resume is designed to show your potential employer what your best and unique features are. The reputation of the institution is also important; sometimes more important than the grades.
There has recently been a trend in the US for employers to look for an excellent "fit" between the job seeker's experience and the job sought. The trend is to keep your resume on a computer disk and shape your resume according to the features of the job sought. Different resumes are created to send to different positions. This may seem some what hypocritical; however, the intention is to provide the potential employer with information they are seeking, and to make sure that the applicant's experience is seen to be applicable for a particular position.
The CV is designed to show you academic excellence and qualifications. Areas of major interest for US faculty include strong research and teaching experience, publications, and possibly grant writing ability demonstrated by list of received grants. Conference presentations and invited or juried papers are also of interest.
Abroad
Resume may begin with secondary school and include high school and all education thereafter. For many countries, where you went to school is of prime importance. The next thing of most importance might be your references which might be listed. In many places, your qualifications are interesting for all time. If you have performed well on an examination, that is good forever even though you might have taken that exam years ago. The reputation of the institution is important. Sometimes the resume is not as important as the individuals who can vouch for your character or who have a relationship to you.
Relationships and trust, reputation of family, excellence of character and potential to "fit" in may be of more interest to the employer than either academic or professional experience. If the society is relational and collectivist the applicant's potential to be a member of the team may be first concern.
If the society values an individual's position in the social hierarchy, modesty and respectfulness might be important of the resume. For these societies it would be important to understate in the resume rather than state or overstate as in other countries.
The curriculum vitae (CV) may be a description of your academic and professional experience beginning with graduation from secondary school. Names and reputations of institutions may be well-known and often specific courses or projects are not mentioned because the excellence of the institution is understood. Names of faculty students have worked with may be included. Usually CVs are more similar than dissimilar worldwide and are becoming more so.